1. Introduction to Vietnam
- Capital: Hanoi
- Area: 331,690 km²
- Population: 101.112 million (2024)
- Timezone: UTC +7
Vietnam attracts tourists with its unique cuisine, rich culture and breathtaking nature (Source: Collected)
Vietnam, located in Southeast Asia, shares borders with China, Laos, and Cambodia. It stretches along more than 3,000 kilometers of picturesque coastline. This Vietnam Location blesses the country with breathtaking natural beauty, including over 125 pristine beaches and some of the world’s most scenic bays. Also, with over 3,000 national heritage sites, many of which are recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Vietnam is a treasure trove of history and culture.
Vietnam Culture is a rich tapestry woven from 4,000 years of history, shaped by 54 distinct ethnic groups. Each group brings its traditions, customs, and values, contributing to a dynamic cultural landscape. Vietnam’s intangible cultural heritages, such as the royal court music of Hue, the Gong culture of the Central Highlands, and the worship of the ancient Hung Kings, showcase the depth of its cultural legacy.
The hospitality of Vietnamese people is central to the country’s charm. Their resilience and commitment to preserving traditions make Vietnam a welcoming destination for travelers. Vietnam’s vibrant cuisine also adds a layer of appeal for food lovers. Consistently ranked among the safest and most affordable tourist destinations, Vietnam travel offers an unparalleled journey of discovery that will capture your heart.
Vietnam is a breathtaking destination of cultural richness and natural splendor (Source: Collected)
2. About Vietnam’s geography
Vietnam is located on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. Regarding the geography of Vietnam, it shares a border with China to the north, Laos and Cambodia to the west, and the East Sea to the east. Vietnam’s mainland is shaped like an “S,” stretching from 23°23’N to 8°27’N in latitude. The country spans 1,650 kilometers long, with the widest part measuring about 500 kilometers and the narrowest part only 50 kilometers.
- Terrain
One of Vietnam’s facts is that its terrains are diverse, featuring mountains, plains, coastlines, and continental shelves. Mountains and hills account for three-quarters of Vietnam’s total area. About 85% of the terrain is below 1,000 meters in elevation, while only 1% exceeds 2,000 meters. Plains make up one-quarter of the mainland and are fragmented into several regions by mountain ranges. Vietnam’s coastline stretches 3,260 kilometers from Mong Cai in the north to Ha Tien in the south.
- Vietnam’s Climate
Vietnam weather varies by season and elevation, as well as from north to south. The country has two major climatic zones with different seasons in Vietnam. Northern Vietnam experiences a tropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons – spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Southern Vietnam enjoys a tropical climate with year-round warmth and two main seasons: dry and rainy.
Located within the tropics, Vietnam experiences high temperatures and humidity levels year-round. Average temperatures range from 21°C to 27°C, increasing from north to south. In winter, the northern region can see significantly dropping temperatures and snowfall. Vietnam also receives abundant solar radiation, with 1,400-3,000 hours of sunshine annually. The average annual rainfall ranges from 1,500 to 2,000 millimeters, and the air humidity level typically hovers around 80%.
- Ecosystem in Vietnam
Vietnam is known for its rich ecosystems, home to about 14,600 plant species. The country’s wildlife is equally diverse, with numerous rare species listed in the global Red Book. Vietnam’s animals include 275 mammal species, 800 bird species, 180 reptile species, 80 amphibian species, 2,400 fish species, and 5,000 insect species, approximately.
Visitors to Vietnam can explore many protected national parks, biosphere reserves, and forests in Vietnam. Notable attractions include Hoang Lien Son (Lao Cai), Cat Ba (Quang Ninh), Cuc Phuong (Ninh Binh), Phong Nha – Ke Bang (Quang Binh), Can Gio (Ho Chi Minh City), and more.
What to know about Vietnam country? – Its rich ecosystems (Source: Collected)
3. Information about Vietnam’s history through key periods
The history of Vietnam is long and profound, marked by numerous significant events and famous Vietnamese people.
Formation of Vietnam at a glance
The first recognized state of Vietnam, Van Lang, was founded in the 7th century BC, followed by the states of Au Lac, Van Xuan, Dai Co Viet, and Dai Viet. Vietnam endured over a thousand years of domination under various Chinese dynasties and countless wars from the 3rd century BC until the end of the 10th century AD. The decisive victory on the Bach Dang River in 938 marked the beginning of an independent feudal state. This led to the formation of a centralized administrative system under the Ngo dynasty (938-965), Dinh dynasty (969-979), and Earlier Le dynasty (980-1009).
Reformation and development
Vietnam experienced a big reformation and further development under the Ly dynasty (1009-1226), Tran dynasty (1226-1400), Ho dynasty (1400-1407), and Le So dynasty (1428-1527). Known as the “Civilized Age of Dai Viet,” this era was marked by advancements in agriculture, irrigation, education, science, culture, art, history, and law. From the 16th century onward, Vietnam faced internal conflicts that severely hindered development.
History buffs should know Vietnam information about history (Source: Collected)
Imperialism and colonialism
In the 19th century, the French gradually asserted control over Vietnam through religious missions and trade activities, turning it into a semi-feudal colony from 1858 to 1945. In August 1945, under the leadership of the Communist Party led by President Ho Chi Minh, the people launched a successful uprising. This culminated in the Proclamation of Independence on September 2, 1945, establishing the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
The historic victory at Dien Bien Phu in May 1954 and the signing of the Geneva Accord in July 1954 ended the French colonial war. While North Vietnam began transitioning towards socialism, South Vietnam, under American backing, formed the Republic of Vietnam led by Ngo Dinh Diem. This divided nation state lasted for over two decades.
Unification and re-development
Between 1954 and 1975, Vietnam engaged in another war for reunification. This difficult period concluded with the success of the Ho Chi Minh Campaign in 1975, marking a new era of unification, peace, and re-development. However, the economy faced stagnation. In 1986, the Doi Moi Policy was launched, leading to massive economic reforms.
Today, the government of Vietnam holds comprehensive strategic partnerships with eight countries, including China, Russia, India, South Korea, the U.S., Japan, Australia, and France. Vietnam is also an active member of international organizations like APEC, ASEM, UN, ASEAN, WTO, and UNESCO.
Vietnam now solidifies its influence and role on the global stage (Source: Collected)
VinHolidays Fiesta Phu Quoc
4. Best time to travel to Vietnam
Vietnam spans three distinct regions, each with its unique climate. The country offers travelers an extraordinary diversity of landscapes, where Vietnam weather can dramatically shift within just a few hundred kilometers. Understanding this diversity is key to planning a perfect Vietnam travel.
- Northern Vietnam
The climate in Northern Vietnam varies dramatically. Mountainous areas, including Sapa and Ha Giang, see a distinct dry season from October through March, followed by wet conditions from April to September. Winter months can be surprisingly cold in December and January. For outdoor activities like trekking, the ideal times for Vietnam travel are September-November and March-May, when the temperatures remain pleasant.
Northern Vietnam weather in lowland areas like Hanoi, Ninh Binh, and Ha Long Bay experiences a more temperate pattern. Winters run cool and mostly dry from November to April, with temperatures averaging 17-22°C, while summers bring the heat and humidity from May to October. The wettest months are July and September, particularly in coastal areas like Ha Long Bay.
From September to November is an ideal time to travel to Northern Vietnam for trekking enthusiasts (Source: Collected)
Central Vietnam
The heart of Vietnam experiences distinct Central Vietnam weather throughout the year. The coastal stretch encompassing Da Nang, Hue, and Hoi An sees scorching temperatures from late January to August, which often climb above 35°C. These areas in Central Vietnam face intense precipitation in October-November, with occasional tropical storms.
The mountain terrain creates noticeable differences in temperatures between Hue and Hoi An, with Hue generally experiencing milder weather. Moving down the coastline, areas like Quy Nhon and Nha Trang show gradually shifting patterns, featuring extended periods of sunshine and warmth. In particular, Nha Trang stays mostly dry until early autumn.
Meanwhile, up in the elevated region of Dalat, the climate tells a different story. Summer months bring persistent rain, while winter delivers notably chilly conditions, particularly in the year’s first and final months.
Southern Vietnam
Southern Vietnam maintains a simpler climate than the northern and central regions. Ho Chi Minh City, the Mekong Delta, and coastal areas like Phan Thiet experience consistent temperatures of 25-35°C year-round. The dry season runs from November to early May, with increasing heat and humidity in its final months. The rainy season spans from May to early November, featuring intense but brief afternoon showers.
The tropical islands of Phu Quoc and Con Dao enjoy favorable weather throughout the year, with plenty of sunshine even during the monsoon season’s predictable rains.
The dry season from November to early May is perfect for Southern Vietnam travel (Source: Collected)
5. Best places to visit in Vietnam
5.1. Stunning beaches in Vietnam
Ha Long
Ha Long in Northern Vietnam is home to Ha Long Bay, a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its stunning limestone karsts and crystal-clear waters. This natural wonder is not just a visual marvel but also home to some of Vietnam’s most stunning beaches.
The crescent-shaped Ti Top Beach features soft white sands and a challenging hike to a peak with panoramic views of the bay. Bai Chay Beach boasts a long, developed shoreline with modern amenities and many water-based activities. Other notable beaches in and near Ha Long include Ngoc Vung Beach, Quan Lan Beach, and Minh Chau Beach, each offering peaceful retreats for tourists.
The local cuisine of Ha Long is characterized by fresh seafood and unique specialties. Some of the most famous dishes include cha muc (grilled squid cakes), sam (horseshoe crab), and ngan (a type of clam).
Immerse yourself in the breathtaking beauty of Ha Long Bay (Source: Collected)
Da Nang
Da Nang stands out as a premier coastal destination in Central Vietnam. Celebrated for spectacular Da Nang beaches, it boasts calm waters with excellent visibility. My Khe Beach and Non Nuoc Beach have been recognized by Tripadvisor as top Asian beach destinations in 2017 and 2024. The Telegraph in 2024 praised their exceptional quality, highlighting the pristine white sands and crystal-clear waters. Beyond these beaches, travelers can explore the beaches of Son Tra, Bac My An, and Nam O, each offering unique experiences. During your Vietnam travel in Da Nang, you can enjoy swimming, surfing, coral-reef diving, and boat tours.
Complementing its beautiful beaches, Da Nang’s culinary scene offers renowned dishes like Quang noodles, fresh seafood, banh trang cuon thit heo (pork rolls), and bun mam nem (noodles with fermented fish).
Son Tra’s tranquil ambiance makes it the perfect destination for a getaway (Source: Collected)
Nha Trang
Nha Trang Bay in Central Vietnam has been a member of the prestigious “Most Beautiful Bays in the World Club” since 2003, famed for its white-sand beaches and crystal-clear waters. Nha Trang features several remarkable Nha Trang beachces. The untouched Doc Let Beach captivates visitors with its serene atmosphere, while the dramatic Hon Chong Promontory offers spectacular views that make it a favorite spot for photographers.
For underwater adventures, Hon Mun Island in Nha Trang is known for its world-class snorkeling and diving opportunities among vibrant coral reefs. The crown jewel of the bay, Hon Tre Island, features the luxurious complex of Vinpearl and VinWonders. Accessible via a scenic cable car ride, this island blends natural beauty with modern entertainment, private beaches, and ultimate relaxation for your Vietnam travel.
Nha Trang is also celebrated for its seafood-rich cuisine, featuring fresh catches in dishes like bun ca (fish noodle soup), nem nuong (grilled pork rolls), and banh can (mini rice pancakes with quail eggs). These local specialties are best enjoyed at seaside restaurants that dot the beach.
Enjoy a breathtaking aerial view of Nha Trang beach from the Vinpearl cable car (Source: Collected)
Phu Quoc
Phu Quoc, Vietnam’s largest island, is a tropical paradise boasting 150 kilometers of coastline adorned with pristine Phu Quoc Beaches. The island’s most celebrated shore, Sao Beach, captivates visitors with its powdery sands, while the expansive Long Beach offers spectacular sunset views. Bai Dai Beach charms visitors with its calm water, perfect for swimming and peaceful beachcombing.
Khem Beach, Ganh Dau Beach, and Ong Lang Beach all provide tranquil escapes. Beyond the mainland, surrounding gems like May Rut Island, Gam Ghi Island, and Fingernail Island offer exceptional snorkeling opportunities among vibrant coral reefs. This marine splendor, combined with the rich ecosystem of Phu Quoc National Park, makes the island a premier beach destination in Southeast Asia.
Phu Quoc is also famous for its unique culinary offerings, particularly its traditional fish sauce production and fresh seafood. Local specialties include bun quay (stirred noodles with seafood), fresh herring salad, and grilled squid with Phu Quoc pepper.
Phu Quoc Island is home to some of the best beaches in Vietnam (Source: Collected)
Phan Thiet
Phan Thiet in Binh Thuan has transformed from a fishing port into a sought-after beach destination for Vietnam travel. The area is renowned for its coastline that combines golden sands with dramatic desert-like landscapes. At its famous red and white sand dunes, visitors can enjoy sand-boarding and ATV rides.
The coastal stretch of Mui Ne, Phan Thiet’s most famous area, is known for palm-fringed shores and consistent winds that are ideal for Mui Ne surfing throughout the year. Among Phan Thiet beaches, Hon Rom Beach attracts visitors with water sports, while Ke Ga Beach and its lighthouse offer excellent opportunities for photography. Bai Rang Beach enchants visitors with its white sand and clear water, perfect for swimming, snorkeling, and beach yoga.
Phan Thiet’s cuisine reflects its fishing village heritage, with local specialties including banh can, fresh seafood, fish sauce, and dragon fruit.
Admire the rustic and peaceful beauty of Phan Thiet Beach (Source: Collected)
5.2. Best attractions to explore the culture and history of Vietnam
A visit to Vietnam reveals a country where ancient tradition seamlessly blends with modern vitality. Here are some of the most historically and culturally significant Vietnamese destinations.
Hanoi – The capital of Vietnam
For your vacation in Vietnam, Hanoi stands as an essential stop. The bustling Hanoi Old Quarter preserves 36 streets where traditional crafts thrive amidst centuries-old architecture, each dedicated to specific trades passed down through generations. The tranquil Hoan Kiem Lake serves as the city’s spiritual heart with its turtle tower and legends.
The millennium-old Temple of Literature showcases Vietnam’s first university, its five courtyards and stone stelae honoring ancient scholars. The elegant One Pillar Pagoda rises like a lotus flower over a serene pond, while the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long reveals layers of royal history. The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum complex illuminates the nation’s path to independence, and throughout the year, festivals in Hanoi fill the streets with traditional music, dance, and customs.
Hanoi’s culinary scene is legendary for dishes like pho, bun cha (grilled pork with noodles), cha ca (turmeric fish with dill), and banh cuon (steamed rice rolls). They are best enjoyed at street stalls and local markets.
Hoan Kiem Lake is a favorite gathering spot for Vietnamese holidays in Hanoi (Source: Collected)
Ninh Binh
Ninh Binh’s landscape stands as one of the most captivating things to see in Vietnam. The city’s crown jewels, Tam Coc and Trang An, showcase mesmerizing limestone karsts rising from emerald rice paddies, which are best explored by sampan boats. Hoa Lu Ancient Capital reveals Vietnam’s royal history as the country’s first centralized feudal state, while Thai Vi Temple provides insights into traditional architecture.
For spiritual seekers, the fusion of faiths is evident at Phat Diem Cathedral, which brilliantly combines Vietnamese and European architectural styles, while Non Nuoc Pagoda offers a tranquil Buddhist sanctuary. Mua Caves and Ngoa Long Mountain provide breathtaking vistas of the surrounding countryside dotted with Ninh Binh temples. This harmonious blend of natural wonders and historical sites makes Ninh Binh an essential destination for cultural enthusiasts during their Vietnam travel.
The local cuisine features distinctive dishes like com chay (burned rice) and mountain goat meat. Other specialties like nem chua (fermented pork) and river fish reflect the region’s agricultural heritage.
Taking a boat ride to explore the caves is a highlight experience in Trang An, Ninh Binh (Soucre: Collected)
Hoi An
As one of the most enchanting Vietnam travel places, Hoi An captivates visitors with its exceptionally preserved Hoi An Ancient Town, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that embodies centuries of cultural fusion. Amidst the narrow alleys, the Japanese Bridge stands as a symbol of the town’s trading history, while old houses like Tan Ky Old House, Duc An Old House, and Phung Hung Old House showcase the life of merchant families from centuries past.
The town also features ornate architecture in Cantonese Assembly Hall, Fujian Assembly Hall, and Trieu Chau Assembly Hall, reflecting the deep influence of Chinese communities. Quan Cong Temple offers spiritual solace, while the monthly Hoi An lantern festival bathes the streets in colored lights.
This living museum of Vietnamese heritage perfectly preserves the essence of old-world charm, while its culinary scene adds another layer to its cultural richness. Local specialties like cao lau, Quang noodles, and white rose dumplings reflect the town’s past as a trading port, where diverse culinary traditions merged over centuries.
Beyond Hoi An Ancient Town, the nearby My Son Sanctuary offers a captivating glimpse into the ancient Cham civilization during your Vietnam holiday.
Hoi An Ancient Town is the center of Hoi An’s culture (Source: Collected)
Hue
As a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to Vietnam, Hue proudly showcases Vietnam’s imperial heritage through its magnificent Hue Imperial City and Hue Historic Citadel, the former seat of the Nguyen Dynasty. The UNESCO-recognized complex features the majestic Thai Hoa Palace, where kings once held their grandest ceremonies and royal meetings.
The city’s royal legacy extends to its elaborate mausoleums. The Tomb of Tu Duc impresses with its poetic landscapes, while Khai Dinh Tomb showcases a unique blend of Vietnamese and European designs. Culture enthusiasts can explore Hue Museum of Royal Antiquities or find spiritual solace at Dieu De Pagoda and Tu Hieu Pagoda, making Hue an essential stop on any Vietnam travel.
Hue’s culinary heritage al
so reflects its royal past, with sophisticated dishes like bun bo Hue (beef noodle soup), banh khoai (crispy pancakes), and an array of intricate treats that once graced the emperor’s table.
Immerse yourself in the timeless charm of the Hue Imperial City (Source: Collected)
Ho Chi Minh City
Your Vietnam trip will not be complete without exploring Ho Chi Minh City, where tradition and modernity seamlessly intertwine. The Independence Palace stands as a powerful symbol of reunification, while the War Remnants Museum provides profound insights into the country’s challenging past. Meanwhile, Cu Chi Tunnels offer visitors an immersive glimpse into wartime resilience.
Ho Chi Minh City, formerly known as Saigon, is a vibrant destination offering a rich historical journey through Vietnam’s past (Source: Collected)
For enthusiasts of Vietnam travel seeking architectural marvels, Tan Dinh Church and Saigon’s Notre Dame Cathedral showcase stunning colonial-era design. The city’s spiritual diversity shines with temples such as the Jade Emperor Pagoda, Thien Hau Pagoda, Guandi Temple, and Quan Am Pagoda. Other cultural highlights include the beautifully preserved Ho Chi Minh City Opera House, while Hoang Phap Buddhist Temple offers a peaceful retreat from the urban bustle.
Ho Chi Minh City’s dynamic food scene reflects its cosmopolitan character, from banh mi and com tam to hu tieu and banh xeo. They are best experienced in bustling markets and vibrant corners throughout the streets.
5.3. Best places for nature discovery
Vietnam tourism offers endless opportunities to discover breathtaking natural wonders, from mist-shrouded peaks to ancient caves and emerald valleys.
Sapa
Nestled in the Hoang Lien Son mountains, Sapa enchants visitors with terraced rice fields cascading down misty hillsides and ethnic villages. The landscapes transform seasonally, from green paddies in summer to golden harvests in autumn and snow-draped peaks in winter.
Muong Hoa Valley and Cat Cat Village showcase waterfalls, while Ta Van Village and Ta Phin Village offer authentic cultural experiences. O Quy Ho Pass and Ham Rong Mountain provide panoramic views. Other remarkable spots include Thac Bac Waterfall, Tram Ton Pass, and Sapa Lake. Extensive rice fields stretch through Y Linh Ho Village and Lao Chai Village, creating a mesmerizing landscape.
During your Vietnam travel in Sapa, you can enjoy cloud-hunting at the Heaven’s Gate, trekking through ethnic villages, and photographing sunrises over Sapa’s rice fields. Cultural experiences include learning about traditional textile weaving, taking herbal baths with the Red Dao people, and exploring local markets filled with handcrafted goods.
The trails in Sapa cater to all trekkers, ensuring a memorable Vietnam travel (Source: Collected)
Quang Binh
Quang Binh showcases nature’s architectural mastery through spectacular cave systems within the UNESCO-recognized Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park. The landscapes here feature underground rivers, limestone mountains, and forests.
Son Doong Cave, the world’s largest cave, boasts a whole ecosystem of its own. Paradise Cave impresses with stalactites and stalagmites, while Phong Nha Cave offers scenic boat tours. Dark Cave provides opportunities for taking mud baths and zip-lining. Mooc Spring offers crystal-clear waters for kayaking, while Nhat Le Beach provides a coastal retreat.
In Quang Binh, visitors explore the cave, kayak, trek in jungles, and swim in underground rivers. Other Vietnam travel advice includes wildlife spotting in the national park and mountain biking through the challenging terrain. The combination of caves, forests, and rivers in Quang Binh creates an unparalleled destination for nature enthusiasts.
Discover the breathtaking beauty and hidden mysteries of Quang Binh’s caves (Source: Collected)
Da Lat
Da Lat, the “City of Eternal Spring”, captivates with its temperate climate and romantic landscapes of rolling hills, pine forests, and serene lakes. According to Agoda in January 2024, Da Lat ranks among Asia’s 9 most popular natural travel destinations. The city’s surroundings feature flower gardens, coffee plantations, and strawberry farms.
Lam Vien Square marks the city center where Xuan Huong Lake is. Datanla Waterfalls, Elephant Fall, Pongour Falls, and Prenn Falls are perfect places for adventure. Lang Biang Mountain provides panoramic views, and Tuyen Lam Lake offers peaceful boat rides. Dalat Valley of Love and Bidoup Nui Ba National Park showcase the diversity of nature.
Da Lat is surrounded by rolling hills, pine forests, and serene lakes (Source: Collected)
Outdoor enthusiasts can enjoy waterfall rappelling, mountain biking through the pine forests, mountain hiking, and camping. Additional experiences for Vietnam travel in Da Lat include visiting flower gardens, taking photos in the misty morning, trekking in forests, and exploring highland vegetation.
Ha Giang
Ha Giang, the northernmost province of Vietnam travel, showcases untouched beauty with dramatic limestone peaks, deep valleys, and winding mountain passes. Featuring a UNESCO-recognized karst plateau and traditional mountain villages, this province is a top choice for Vietnam sightseeing.
Ma Pi Leng Pass offers stunning views of the Nho Que River winding through canyons. Dong Van Karst Plateau Geopark displays unique geological formations, while Dong Van Market buzzes with local life. Quan Ba Heaven Gate provides remarkable vistas of the landscapes. Lung Cu Flag Tower stands proudly atop a rocky peak, offering panoramic views of the surrounding mountains and valleys.
Travelers can experience the legendary Ha Giang Loop by motorbike, trek through remote villages, and enjoy homestays with the local minorities. There are also opportunities for sunrise photography over the mountains, exploring traditional markets, discovering hidden waterfalls, and experiencing ethnic culture.
The peaceful countryside of Ha Giang attracts tourists (Source: Collected)
6. Top things to do in Vietnam
From north to south, there are many Vietnam highlights that paint a mesmerizing journey through one of Southeast Asia’s most captivating destinations.
6.1. Conquer majestic mountains
Vietnam’s mountainous terrain provides a paradise for hiking enthusiasts. These peaks are scattered throughout the country, predominantly concentrated in the northwestern region. Here, the crown jewel Fansipan Mountain – the “Roof of Indochina” – soars to 3,143 meters, surrounded by numerous peaks that are perfect for a Fansipan trekking adventure.
This region also offers other remarkable routes for trekking in Vietnam that weave through ethnic villages. Notable trails include those of Sapa trekking, Lao Than Peak, Ta Xua, Bach Moc Luong Tu Mountain, Lung Cung Peak, and Pusilung Mountain. Each trail promises breathtaking mountain vistas and opportunities to experience the life of the local ethnic communities.
The rugged mountains in Northern Vietnam are perfect for trekking (Source: Collected)
6.2. Explore enchanting caves
Vietnam’s cave systems stand as some of the most remarkable attractions in Vietnam.
Quang Binh, Ninh Binh, and Quang Ninh are all provinces that are rich in caves, including several world-renowned ones that have become essential Vietnam travel locations.
In 2003, CNN’s spotlight illuminated six extraordinary caves within Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park: Son Doong Cave, En Cave, Va Cave, Nuoc Nut Cave, Tu Lan Cave, and Paradise Cave. Complementing these giants, Ninh Binh caves in Trang An and Tam Coc enchant with water-carved passages through karst mountains. Meanwhile, Ha Long Bay caves such as Sung Sot Cave and Luon Cave merge Ha Long Bay’s emerald waters with spectacular limestone formations. Together, these famous caves in Vietnam form an unforgettable underground realm that captivates visitors with their geological artistry.
Explore the Tu Lan Cave in Quang Binh (Source: Collected)
6.3. Discover the charm of the countryside
Vietnam’s countryside offers a tranquil retreat from modern life, where time-honored traditions and peaceful landscapes create an unforgettable Vietnam travel. In a prestigious acknowledgment, UN Tourism has named three Vietnamese villages among the “Best Tourism Villages in the World” from 2022 to 2024: Thai Hai Village in Thai Nguyen, Tan Hoa Village in Quang Binh, and Tra Que Vegetable Village in Hoi An.
Each of these villages offers unique opportunities for cultural immersion. Vietnam bike tours weave through Tan Hoa’s dramatic karst landscape and traditional stilt houses, while Thai Hai preserves the Tay ethnic culture. Tra Que enchants visitors with its aromatic herb gardens and centuries-old farming traditions.
A Vietnam visit t
o the Mekong Delta will awe you with its floating markets, fruit orchards, and honey farms. This water-land tapestry showcases a unique way of life where ancient customs thrive in perfect harmony with nature.
The lush orchards in the Mekong Delta (Source: Collected)
6.4. Visit famous museums
Vietnamese museums offer a wide array of collections spanning history, culture, and art. They serve as guardians of national heritage, preserving and showcasing valuable artifacts while educating visitors about Vietnam’s cultural legacy.
Ho Chi Minh Museum in Hanoi chronicles the life of Vietnam’s revolutionary leader through his personal items and historical documents. Also in Hanoi, Vietnam National Museum of History showcases artifacts from prehistory to modern times. The Museum of Cham Sculpture in Da Nang houses the world’s largest collection of Cham artifacts, while the National Oceanographic Museum in Khanh Hoa displays fascinating specimens of marine life.
In Ho Chi Minh City, there are two notable museums. Ho Chi Minh City Museum of Fine Arts features Vietnamese art through the centuries, while the War Remnants Museum offers powerful insights into the Second Indochina War.
Other significant museums to visit during your Vietnam travel include Vietnam Museum of Ethnology in Hanoi, the Museum of Revolution in Hanoi, and Southern Women’s Museum in Ho Chi Minh City.
Visitors explore Vietnamese culture through exhibitions (Source: Collected)
6.5. See traditional craft villages
Traditional craft villages are vibrant threads in Vietnam’s cultural tapestry. There are over 5,400 villages nationwide, including 1,500 in the North. They are particularly concentrated in the Red River Delta region.
Bat Trang Pottery Village in Hanoi has created fine ceramics for centuries, offering visitors hands-on pottery-making experiences and shopping opportunities. In Ninh Thuan, Bau Truc Pottery Village, Vietnam’s oldest pottery village, preserves Cham pottery-making techniques, while Thanh Ha Pottery Village near Hoi An maintains age-old traditions using local clay.
At Van Phuc Silk Village, visitors can observe traditional silk weaving methods and purchase high-quality silk products. Hoi An Silk Village showcases the complete silk-making process all the way from mulberry cultivation. Hue Incense Village creates vibrant incense sticks, offering a uniquely aromatic experience.
Craft villages provide a meaningful cultural experience, making them a must-visit for those seeking authenticity in Vietnam travel (Source: Collected)
These villages not only preserve traditional craftsmanship but also provide immersive experiences for Vietnam travel through workshops, demonstrations, and interactive activities.
6.6. Visit sacred temples and pagodas
At the heart of Vietnam tourism lies a spiritual tapestry of ancient Vietnamese pagodas and temples, which reflect centuries of religious influence through their distinct architecture and cultural significance. These temples and pagodas are scattered from north to south, each telling its own story of faith and heritage.
The Perfume Pagoda in Hanoi invites pilgrims with its unique blend of mountain hikes and cave temples, while Ha Nam’s Tam Chuc Pagoda mirrors its grandeur in peaceful lakeside waters. In Ninh Binh, Bai Dinh Pagoda stands proudly as Southeast Asia’s largest Buddhist complex.
In Central Vietnam, Hue’s Thien Mu Pagoda rises in seven tiers along the Perfume River. Further along the coast, Da Nang’s Linh Ung Pagoda watches over the East Sea with its towering Lady Buddha statue. In Khanh Hoa, Long Son Pagoda captivates visitors with a giant Buddha statue, while Thien Mu Pagoda showcases Chinese-influenced architecture in Ho Chi Minh City.
A spiritual Vietnam travel extends to other remarkable sites like Thay Pagoda, Bach Ma Temple, Tran Quoc Pagoda in Hanoi, the Red Temple in Hai Phong, Ba Vang Pagoda in Quang Ninh, Huong Tich Pagoda in Ha Tinh, Phap Bao Pagoda in Hoi An, Ong Nui Temple in Binh Dinh, Linh Phuoc Pagoda in Da Lat, Van Son Pagoda in Vung Tau, Ong Bon Temple in Saigon, Vinh Trang Pagoda in Tien Giang, and Hang Pagoda & Ba Chua Xu Temple in An Giang.
Vietnam’s temples and pagodas are symbols of its spiritual life (Source: Collected)
7. Things to know about Vietnam’s culture
Vietnam boasts a rich culture deeply intertwined with the history of its formation and development.
7.1. Vietnam’s ethnicity
Vietnamese people comprise 54 ethnic groups, each contributing unique traits to the nation’s cultural diversity. These ethnic groups can be categorized into the cultural groups of Viet-Muong, Tay-Nung, Thai, Cham, Mon-Khmer, and H’Mong-Dao, etc.
Due to the varied natural landscapes, each ethnic group has developed different ways of interacting with their environment:
- In the plains and midlands, people engage in rice farming and build communal village cultures.
- In the lowland mountains, people grow rice, corn, and perennial crops. They live in stilt houses and wear colorful clothing adorned with intricate patterns.
- In the highlands, people clear forests for agriculture and have many mythological traditions and unique practices.
- Along the coast, people rely on fishing, with boats leaving the shore at dawn and returning in the evening.
Vietnam’s ethnic languages belong to eight different linguistic groups. Due to the mixing of ethnic groups, it is common for people to speak multiple languages, fostering cultural exchanges while maintaining the unique identities of each group.
One of Vietnam’s facts is that it comprises 54 ethnic groups (Source: Collected)
7.2. Language facts about Vietnam
The origins of the Vietnamese language are debated, with the most compelling theory linking it to the Mon-Khmer cultural group. After a millennium of Chinese rule, classical Chinese became the official language of Vietnam, but Vietnamese people had adapted it with unique pronunciations known as “Han-Viet”. In the 13th century, the “Nom” script was developed based on Chinese characters to record the language.
During the French colonial period, the Latin-based “Quoc ngu” script and the alphabet in Vietnamese were developed by Western missionaries. After the August Revolution of 1945, Quoc ngu became the official language of Vietnam in all areas. Still, some minority groups in Vietnam also have their own writing systems.
Vietnamese is a monosyllabic language with a rich vocabulary and many tonal variations. The language is known for its balanced, rhythmic, and expressive forms, making it practical and emotive. The Vietnamese dictionary published in 1997 contained 38,410 entries.
7.3. Vietnamese customs
Before visiting Vietnam, it is helpful to understand the country’s customs. Vietnamese people are pragmatic. Their food culture emphasizes nourishment and balance. Their clothes are often made suitable for the warm climate. Vietnam houses vary greatly from the city to the countryside, from concrete buildings to stilt houses and homes made of thatch and bamboo. Motorbikes and cars are the primary means of transport. Daily life in Vietnam revolves around community-centered customs, including wedding ceremonies, funerals, and festivals.
7.4. Traditional dress
The “Ao dai” is the traditional Vietnamese dress, consisting of long front and back panels that reach the ankles, worn over trousers. Now often worn for ceremonies, professional events, and social gatherings, ao dai has undergone many transformations. Past variations include the “Ao giao linh” (1744), “Ao dai tu than” (17th century), and “Ao dai ngu than” (17th-18th centuries).
There are other traditional outfits such as the “Ao tu than,” which represents the beauty of women in northern Vietnam. Another one is the “Ao ba ba,” worn by both men and women in southern Vietnam’s countryside.
Ethnic groups also have their distinct clothes. The H’Mong and Dao are known for their brightly colored garments, the Tay and Nung favor indigo-dyed clothing, while the Lo Lo are recognized for their handmade outfits.
Ao dai is the traditional dress of Vietnam (Source: Collected)
7.5. People and values
Traveling to Vietnam, visitors are often impressed by the hospitality of its people. This cultural trait has earned Vietnam a spot among the top 10 friendliest destinations in the world for foreign tourists in 2023, according to The Travel – a Canadian travel magazine. In addition, Vietnamese people’s lifestyle is rooted in enduring traditional values passed down through generations, such as patriotism, mutual support, marital loyalty, and filial piety. In Vietnamese families, the ultimate standard of happiness is not material wealth but the bonds of the members. Wherever they may go, Vietnamese people, regardless of age or status, maintain a deep connection to their family.
7.6. Beliefs and religions
Learning about Vietnam country reveals a unique blend of ancient folk beliefs seamlessly intertwined with organized religions. Vietnam’s folk beliefs encompass three main elements: fertility worship, nature worship, and ancestor worship.
Regarding Vietnam religion, Buddhism holds a prominent place. Vietnam Buddhism is introduced in two forms: Theravada Buddhism from India and Mahayana Buddhism from China. Christianity arrived in Vietnam in the 17th century. By 1993, Vietnam had around 5 million Catholics and nearly half a million Protestants. Other religious legacies, such as Confucianism and Taoism, no longer exist as structured religions but remain deeply ingrained in folk practices.
Facts about Vietnam: Many religions are practiced here (Source: Collected)
7.7. Festivals and holidays
Vietnam is a country of festivals. Notable Vietnam festivals include the Tet Holiday, Mid-Autumn Festival, Hungry Ghost Festival, First Full Moon Festival, Cold Food Festival, and Kitchen God Festival. Each region has its unique festivals, especially those regarding agricultural practices and traditional crafts. Tourists should also be aware of Vietnam holidays including the New Year’s Day, Lunar New Year, Hung Kings’ Day, Reunification Day (April 30), International Labor Day (May 1), and National Day (September 2).
7.8. Literature and art forms
Vietnamese literature has a long history, encompassing both folk and written traditions. Folk literature includes myths, epics, legends, tales, stories, riddles, proverbs, and songs, reflecting the diverse cultures of Vietnam’s ethnic groups. Written literature emerged around the 10th century, produced in classical Chinese, Nom, and later the modern Vietnamese alphabet.
Among various Vietnam facts, one is particularly impressive: Vietnam’s heritage has around 50 traditional musical instruments. Vietnamese folk music is abundant, with many traditional art forms like chau van, tuong, and water puppetry.
Vietnamese craftsmanship dates back over 10,000 years, with early examples in stone carving and bronze casting. Later, the art of making ceramics, lacquerware, wood sculptures, silk paintings, and papers achieved high levels of artistry. In the 20th century, exposure to Western cultures led to the development of modern art forms such as spoken drama, photography, cinema, music, and contemporary fine arts.
There are various art forms in Vietnam (Source: Collected)
9. Vietnam famous foods & drinks
Vietnamese cuisine stands as a primary attraction in Vietnam travel, drawing food enthusiasts worldwide. At the 2023 World Culinary Awards, Hanoi was crowned “Asia’s Best Emerging Food Destination,” while Vietnam secured “Asia’s Best Culinary Destination 2022.” TasteAtlas ranks Vietnamese cuisine 6th in Asia and 20th worldwide, making food exploration an essential part of any Vietnam travel.
The culinary journey through Vietnam reveals distinct regional characteristics: the Northern region’s subtle flavors, the Central region’s spicy dishes, and the Southern region’s sweet tastes. Signature
Vietnamese foods include:
Vietnamese bread: A crusty French baguette filled with pate, meats, pickled vegetables, and herbs
Pho: Fragrant rice noodle soup with beef or chicken, fresh herbs, and aromatic broth
Bun cha: Grilled pork served with rice noodles, herbs, and dipping sauce
Vietnamese spring rolls: Fresh spring rolls with shrimp, pork, and herbs, wrapped in rice paper
Vietnamese pancake: A crispy savory pancake filled with pork, shrimp, and bean sprouts
Bun bo Hue: Spicy beef noodle soup from Hue with lemongrass
Cao Lau: Hoi An’s unique noodle dish with pork and greens
Mi Quang: Turmeric-infused noodles with pork, shrimp, and quail eggs
Vietnamese broken rice: Broken rice served with grilled pork, egg, and vegetables
In addition to food, Vietnamese drinks also reflect the country’s vibrant culture and focus on natural ingredients. Must-try Vietnamese drinks include:
Vietnamese coffee
Egg coffee: Hanoi’s specialty, combining coffee with whipped egg cream
Salt coffee: A unique coffee in Hue with a hint of salt
Phin coffee: The traditional drip coffee served nationwide
Kumquat tea: A refreshing blend of green tea and kumquat, sweetened with honey
Vietnamese sugarcane juice: A freshly pressed sugarcane juice served with kumquat for extra zing
Vietnamese coconut juice: Fresh coconut water served in young coconuts
Hoi An herbal tea: Hoi An’s specialty, combining morning glory, pennywort juice, and dried longan
Vietnamese food is a harmonious blend of flavors and textures (Source: Collected)
10. Vietnam travel guide: What to prepare?
10.1. Currency
Vietnam currency (Vietnamese Dong – VND) uses polymer and paper banknotes in denominations of 500,000, 200,000, 100,000, 50,000, 20,000, 10,000, 5,000, 2,000, and 1,000 VND. All the notes feature distinct designs for easy recognition.
As of January 2025, the exchange rate by Vietcombank is 25,060 VND to 1 USD. Currency exchange services are readily available at international airports (24/7) and local banks (during business hours).
Cash remains the primary payment method throughout Vietnam. Credit cards are also accepted in urban establishments like shopping malls, hotels, and restaurants. Digital payments through e-wallets such as Momo and VNPay are becoming increasingly popular in major cities, offering foreigners multiple payment options during their Vietnam travel.
10.2. SIM cards
Getting a Vietnam SIM card is highly recommended for your Vietnam travel. Having mobile connectivity ensures you stay connected with your loved ones, access vital travel information, navigate through cities efficiently, and use ride-hailing apps seamlessly. Additionally, local SIM cards offer cost-effective rates for calls, texts, and internet data compared to international roaming.
Vietnam’s main mobile carriers include Viettel, Vinaphone, and Mobifone, all offering tourist-friendly packages. Travelers can purchase SIM cards at international airports or mobile phone stores. Required documents include a valid passport and visa.
Popular tourist packages include Viettel’s SIM Tour (60,000 VND/15 days with 5GB of internet data – 100,000 VND/30 days with 10GB of internet data) and Mobifone’s Happy Tourist HP2 (109,000 VND/30 days with 8GB of internet data and 40 minutes of free calls). For tech-savvy travelers, eSIM options are also available.
Get a SIM card for your Vietnam travel (Source: Collected)
10.3. Visas
Vietnam currently offers visa exemptions to citizens of 26 countries. Among these, 13 nations including the UK, Germany, France, Japan, Russia, Republic of Korea, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Italy, Belarus, and Spain can enjoy a generous 45-day visa-free Vietnam travel. Other countries with visa exemption privileges include Kazakhstan, Brunei, Cambodia, Chile, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Panama, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.
Vietnam has significantly simplified its process of getting a Vietnam visa, making it more accessible for international travelers. From August 2023, Vietnam offers e-visas to citizens of all countries, allowing multiple entries and stays of up to 90 days. The e-visa application process is straightforward through official portals (evisa.gov.vn or thithucdientu.gov.vn).
For e-visa applications, travelers must submit a passport photo, personal information, and passport details. Processing typically takes 3 working days. Approved e-visas can be used at international airports, land border gates, and sea border gates throughout Vietnam. Important entry points include the international airports of Tan Son Nhat (Ho Chi Minh City), Noi Bai (Hanoi), and Da Nang (Da Nang).
*Note: Ensure all application information is accurate to avoid processing delays. It is recommended to apply for visas well before your intended date of Vietnam travel.
10.4. Transportation
Getting to Vietnam:
Vietnam welcomes international travelers through several entry points. The country’s main international airports are Noi Bai (Hanoi), Tan Son Nhat (Ho Chi Minh City), and Da Nang (Da Nang). Airports in Phu Quoc, Can Tho, and Cam Ranh also receive international flights. While land entry is possible from Laos and Cambodia, bus services are somewhat limited. There are cruises connecting Vietnam with Thailand and Singapore, offering scenic journeys through Ha Long Bay and the Mekong Delta.
Traveling by air is the most convenient means of transportation to Vietnam (Source: Collected)
Transportation within Vietnam:
Domestic flights are the most time-efficient means of transportation in Vietnam, with Vietnam Airlines, Vietjet Air, and Bamboo Airways offering regular services at reasonable prices. For those seeking a more scenic experience, the Reunification Express train connects Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City in a 36-hour journey, stopping at major destinations like Hue, Da Nang, and Nha Trang.
For shorter distances, travelers have multiple options:
- Sleeper buses for inter-provincial trips
- Motorbike rentals, with rental fees ranging from 150,000 to 300,000 VND per day
- Bicycles for exploring smaller towns, especially in Hoi An and Hue, with rental fees averaging 30,000 VND per day
- Ride-hailing services and taxis for urban navigation
10.5. Health and safety tips
Before your trip to Vietnam, it is important to review some Here are some health tips that you should keep in mind:
- Purchase travel insurance to cover unexpected situations
- Consult your doctor for updated information on any possible health risk in Vietnam
- If you have a medical condition or allergy, carry a doctor’s letter detailing your condition and the required treatment
- Pack a basic medical kit that includes insect repellent, pain reliever, wound care, diarrhea treatment, and sunscreen
- Be aware of common health concerns in Vietnam, including air pollution, heat-related issues, food-related illnesses, and insect bites
And here are some safety tips for a wonderful trip in Vietnam:
- Keep your belongings secure on busy streets
- When staying in hotels, use a safe or store your valuables in locked containers
- Be cautious of scams, especially for taxis or in markets and restaurants, always ask for the prices beforehand
- Buy tours from reputable travel agents
(Source: Collected)